1
După aceea, Nahaş, împăratul fiilor lui Amon, a murit, şi în locul lui a domnit fiul său.
2
David a zis: ,,Voi arăta bunăvoinţă lui Hanun, fiul lui Nahaş, căci tatăl lui a arătat bunăvoinţă faţă de mine.`` Şi David a trimes soli să-l mângâie pentru moartea tatălui său. Când au ajuns slujitorii lui David în ţara fiilor lui Amon, la Hanun, ca să-l mângâie,
3
căpeteniile fiilor lui Amon au zis lui Hanun: ,,Crezi că David îţi trimete oameni să te mângâie, ca să cinstească pe tatăl tău? -Oare n-au venit slujitorii lui la tine ca să cunoască cetatea şi s-o nimicească, şi ca să iscodească ţara?``
4
Atunci Hanun a luat pe slujitorii lui David, a pus să-i radă, şi să le taie hainele pela mijloc până la brâu. Apoi le-a dat drumul.
5
David, căruia au venit şi i-au dat de ştire despre cele întâmplate cu oamenii aceştia, a trimes nişte oameni înaintea lor, căci li se făcuse mare ruşine; şi împăratul a trimes să le spună: ,,Rămâneţi la Ierihon până vă va creşte barba, şi apoi să vă întoarceţi.``
6
Fiii lui Amon au văzut că se făcuseră urîţi lui David, şi Hanun şi fiii lui Amon au trimes o mie de talanţi de argint să tocmească în slujba lor cară şi călăreţi dela Sirienii din Mesopotamia şi dela Sirienii din Maaca şi din Ţoba.
7
Au tocmit treizeci şi două de mii de cară şi pe împăratul din Maaca împreună cu poporul lui, cari au venit şi au tăbărât înaintea Medebei. Fiii lui Amon s-au strâns din cetăţile lor, şi au mers la luptă.
8
La auzul acestei veşti, David a trimes împotriva lor pe Ioab şi toată oştirea de oameni viteji.
9
Fiii lui Amon au ieşit, şi s-au înşirat în linie de bătaie la intrarea cetăţii; împăraţii cari veniseră au tăbărât deosebit pe câmp.
10
Ioab a văzut că avea de luptat şi înainte şi înapoi. A ales atunci din toţi voinicii de frunte ai lui Israel o ceată, pe care a aşezat-o împotriva Sirienilor;
11
şi a pus supt porunca fratelui său Abişai cealaltă parte a poporului, ca să ţină piept fiilor lui Amon.
12
El a zis: ,,Dacă Sirienii vor fi mai tari decât mine, să-mi vii tu în ajutor; şi dacă fiii lui Amon vor fi mai tari decât tine, îţi voi veni eu în ajutor.
13
Fii tare, şi să ne îmbărbătăm pentru poporul nostru şi pentru cetăţile Dumnezeului nostru, şi Domnul să facă ce va crede!``
14
Ioab, cu poporul lui, a înaintat la luptă împotriva Sirienilor, şi ei au fugit dinaintea lui.
15
Şi când au văzut fiii lui Amon că Sirienii o luaseră la fugă, au fugit şi ei dinaintea lui Abişai, fratele lui Ioab, şi s-au întors în cetate. Şi Ioab s-a întors la Ierusalim.
16
Sirienii, văzând că fuseseră bătuţi de Israel, au trimes şi au adus pe Sirienii cari erau de cealaltă parte a Râului; şi Şofah, căpetenia oştirii lui Hadarezer, era în fruntea lor.
17
Au dat de ştire lui David, care a strâns pe tot Israelul, a trecut Iordanul, a mers împotriva lor, şi s-a pregătit de luptă împotriva lor. David s-a înşiruit în linie de bătaie împotriva Sirienilor. Dar Sirienii, după ce se bătuseră cu el,
18
au fugit dinaintea lui Israel. David le-a ucis oamenii dela şapte mii de cară şi patruzeci de mii de pedestraşi, şi a omorât pe Şofah, căpetenia oştirii.
19
Slujitorii lui Hadarezer, văzându-se bătuţi de Israel, au făcut pace cu David, şi i s-au supus. Şi Sirienii n-au vrut să mai ajute pe fiii lui Amon.
{"verseMap":{"1":[{"id":15307,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Hanun","title_en":"Hanun","content_ro":"<h3>HANUN<\/h3>\n<li>1. Nahash’s son and successor to the Ammonite throne. When King Nahash died, King David of Israel sent messengers to console Hanun and to express his continued friendship. But Hanun insulted David by humiliating his messengers and accusing them of spying. This action led to war and the defeat of Ammon (2 Sm 10:1-14; 11:1; 12:26-31; 1 Chr 19:1–20:3).<\/li>\n<li>2. One who helped repair Jerusalem’s Valley Gate during the time of Nehemiah (Neh 3:13).<\/li>\n<li>3. Zalaph’s son who repaired a section of the Jerusalem wall during the time of Nehemiah (Neh 3:30); perhaps the same as #2 above.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>HANUN<\/h3>\n<li>1. Nahash’s son and successor to the Ammonite throne. When King Nahash died, King David of Israel sent messengers to console Hanun and to express his continued friendship. But Hanun insulted David by humiliating his messengers and accusing them of spying. This action led to war and the defeat of Ammon (2 Sm 10:1-14; 11:1; 12:26-31; 1 Chr 19:1–20:3).<\/li>\n<li>2. One who helped repair Jerusalem’s Valley Gate during the time of Nehemiah (Neh 3:13).<\/li>\n<li>3. Zalaph’s son who repaired a section of the Jerusalem wall during the time of Nehemiah (Neh 3:30); perhaps the same as #2 above.<\/li>","summary_ro":"HANUN 1. Nahash’s son and successor to the Ammonite throne. When King Nahash died, King David of Israel sent messengers to console Hanun and to express his continued friendship. But Hanun insulted David by humiliating his messengers and accusing them of spying. This action led to war and the defeat of Ammon (2 Sm 10:1-14; 11:1; 12:26-31; 1 Chr 19:1–20:3). 2. One who helped repair Jerusalem’s Valley Gate during the time of Nehemiah (Neh 3:13). 3. Zalaph’s son who repaired a section of the Jeru...","summary_en":"HANUN 1. Nahash’s son and successor to the Ammonite throne. When King Nahash died, King David of Israel sent messengers to console Hanun and to express his continued friendship. But Hanun insulted David by humiliating his messengers and accusing them of spying. This action led to war and the defeat of Ammon (2 Sm 10:1-14; 11:1; 12:26-31; 1 Chr 19:1–20:3). 2. One who helped repair Jerusalem’s Valley Gate during the time of Nehemiah (Neh 3:13). 3. Zalaph’s son who repaired a section of the Jeru...","source":"Articles\/H.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":26844,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Nahash","title_en":"Nahash","content_ro":"<h3>NAHASH<\/h3>\n<li>1. King of the Ammonites who laid siege to Jabesh-gilead during the days of Saul. The men of the city, offering themselves in servitude, petitioned Nahash to make a treaty with them; he agreed to do so on the condition that he gouge out each one’s right eye to shame all of Israel. Given a week’s reprieve from his threat, the men of Jabesh organized a secret war plan with Saul and Israel, resulting in the destruction of Nahash’s Ammonite army (1 Sm 11:1-2; 12:12). He later honored a reconciliation with David, which his son Hanun, on bad counsel, disregarded (2 Sm 10:2; 1 Chr 19:1-2).<\/li>\n<li>2. Father of Abigail and Zeruiah (2 Sm 17:25). In 1 Chronicles 2:16, Abigail and Zeruiah are listed as the daughters of Jesse and the sisters of David and his brothers. Various theories have been offered to resolve this difference. The most feasible suggests that Nahash’s wife bore him Abigail and Zeruiah; after his death, his widow married Jesse and subsequently bore David.<\/li>\n<li>3. Father of Shobi from Rabbah, the chief Ammonite city east of the Jordan. Shobi, along with Makir and Barzillai, took care of David’s domestic needs during his flight from Absalom (2 Sm 17:27). He is perhaps identifiable with #1 above.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>NAHASH<\/h3>\n<li>1. King of the Ammonites who laid siege to Jabesh-gilead during the days of Saul. The men of the city, offering themselves in servitude, petitioned Nahash to make a treaty with them; he agreed to do so on the condition that he gouge out each one’s right eye to shame all of Israel. Given a week’s reprieve from his threat, the men of Jabesh organized a secret war plan with Saul and Israel, resulting in the destruction of Nahash’s Ammonite army (1 Sm 11:1-2; 12:12). He later honored a reconciliation with David, which his son Hanun, on bad counsel, disregarded (2 Sm 10:2; 1 Chr 19:1-2).<\/li>\n<li>2. Father of Abigail and Zeruiah (2 Sm 17:25). In 1 Chronicles 2:16, Abigail and Zeruiah are listed as the daughters of Jesse and the sisters of David and his brothers. Various theories have been offered to resolve this difference. The most feasible suggests that Nahash’s wife bore him Abigail and Zeruiah; after his death, his widow married Jesse and subsequently bore David.<\/li>\n<li>3. Father of Shobi from Rabbah, the chief Ammonite city east of the Jordan. Shobi, along with Makir and Barzillai, took care of David’s domestic needs during his flight from Absalom (2 Sm 17:27). He is perhaps identifiable with #1 above.<\/li>","summary_ro":"NAHASH 1. King of the Ammonites who laid siege to Jabesh-gilead during the days of Saul. The men of the city, offering themselves in servitude, petitioned Nahash to make a treaty with them; he agreed to do so on the condition that he gouge out each one’s right eye to shame all of Israel. Given a week’s reprieve from his threat, the men of Jabesh organized a secret war plan with Saul and Israel, resulting in the destruction of Nahash’s Ammonite army (1 Sm 11:1-2; 12:12). He later honored a rec...","summary_en":"NAHASH 1. King of the Ammonites who laid siege to Jabesh-gilead during the days of Saul. The men of the city, offering themselves in servitude, petitioned Nahash to make a treaty with them; he agreed to do so on the condition that he gouge out each one’s right eye to shame all of Israel. Given a week’s reprieve from his threat, the men of Jabesh organized a secret war plan with Saul and Israel, resulting in the destruction of Nahash’s Ammonite army (1 Sm 11:1-2; 12:12). He later honored a rec...","source":"Articles\/N.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":47654,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 19:1","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 19:1","content_ro":"<p><strong>19:1-7<\/strong> The new Ammonite ruler, <em>Hanun<\/em><em>,<\/em> took exception to Israel’s presence so close to his nation. The Ammonites hired Aramean armies from the north, and these combined forces assembled <em>at Medeba<\/em> to challenge David’s control of Moab’s plateau.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>19:1-7<\/strong> The new Ammonite ruler, <em>Hanun<\/em><em>,<\/em> took exception to Israel’s presence so close to his nation. The Ammonites hired Aramean armies from the north, and these combined forces assembled <em>at Medeba<\/em> to challenge David’s control of Moab’s plateau.<\/p>","summary_ro":"19:1-7 The new Ammonite ruler, Hanun, took exception to Israel’s presence so close to his nation. The Ammonites hired Aramean armies from the north, and these combined forces assembled at Medeba to challenge David’s control of Moab’s plateau.","summary_en":"19:1-7 The new Ammonite ruler, Hanun, took exception to Israel’s presence so close to his nation. The Ammonites hired Aramean armies from the north, and these combined forces assembled at Medeba to challenge David’s control of Moab’s plateau.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":75280,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 19:1","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 19:1","content_ro":"<p><strong>19:1-7<\/strong> The new Ammonite ruler, <em>Hanun<\/em><em>,<\/em> took exception to Israel’s presence so close to his nation. The Ammonites hired Aramean armies from the north, and these combined forces assembled <em>at Medeba<\/em> to challenge David’s control of Moab’s plateau.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>19:1-7<\/strong> The new Ammonite ruler, <em>Hanun<\/em><em>,<\/em> took exception to Israel’s presence so close to his nation. The Ammonites hired Aramean armies from the north, and these combined forces assembled <em>at Medeba<\/em> to challenge David’s control of Moab’s plateau.<\/p>","summary_ro":"19:1-7 The new Ammonite ruler, Hanun, took exception to Israel’s presence so close to his nation. The Ammonites hired Aramean armies from the north, and these combined forces assembled at Medeba to challenge David’s control of Moab’s plateau.","summary_en":"19:1-7 The new Ammonite ruler, Hanun, took exception to Israel’s presence so close to his nation. The Ammonites hired Aramean armies from the north, and these combined forces assembled at Medeba to challenge David’s control of Moab’s plateau.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":102906,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 19:1","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 19:1","content_ro":"<p><strong>19:1-7<\/strong> The new Ammonite ruler, <em>Hanun<\/em><em>,<\/em> took exception to Israel’s presence so close to his nation. The Ammonites hired Aramean armies from the north, and these combined forces assembled <em>at Medeba<\/em> to challenge David’s control of Moab’s plateau.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>19:1-7<\/strong> The new Ammonite ruler, <em>Hanun<\/em><em>,<\/em> took exception to Israel’s presence so close to his nation. The Ammonites hired Aramean armies from the north, and these combined forces assembled <em>at Medeba<\/em> to challenge David’s control of Moab’s plateau.<\/p>","summary_ro":"19:1-7 The new Ammonite ruler, Hanun, took exception to Israel’s presence so close to his nation. The Ammonites hired Aramean armies from the north, and these combined forces assembled at Medeba to challenge David’s control of Moab’s plateau.","summary_en":"19:1-7 The new Ammonite ruler, Hanun, took exception to Israel’s presence so close to his nation. The Ammonites hired Aramean armies from the north, and these combined forces assembled at Medeba to challenge David’s control of Moab’s plateau.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":130532,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 19:1","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 19:1","content_ro":"<p><strong>19:1-7<\/strong> The new Ammonite ruler, <em>Hanun<\/em><em>,<\/em> took exception to Israel’s presence so close to his nation. The Ammonites hired Aramean armies from the north, and these combined forces assembled <em>at Medeba<\/em> to challenge David’s control of Moab’s plateau.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>19:1-7<\/strong> The new Ammonite ruler, <em>Hanun<\/em><em>,<\/em> took exception to Israel’s presence so close to his nation. The Ammonites hired Aramean armies from the north, and these combined forces assembled <em>at Medeba<\/em> to challenge David’s control of Moab’s plateau.<\/p>","summary_ro":"19:1-7 The new Ammonite ruler, Hanun, took exception to Israel’s presence so close to his nation. The Ammonites hired Aramean armies from the north, and these combined forces assembled at Medeba to challenge David’s control of Moab’s plateau.","summary_en":"19:1-7 The new Ammonite ruler, Hanun, took exception to Israel’s presence so close to his nation. The Ammonites hired Aramean armies from the north, and these combined forces assembled at Medeba to challenge David’s control of Moab’s plateau.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"5":[{"id":19132,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Jericho","title_en":"Jericho","content_ro":"<h3>JERICHO<\/h3>\n<p>Ancient city on the west side of the Jordan River. The name Jericho may be connected to the ancient name of the Canaanite moon god. The Hebrew words for moon, month, new moon, and Jericho are very similar. Others associate it with the word for spirit or smell, assuming that the pleasant fragrances of the fruits and spices that grew in this oasis occasioned the name of the place. The OT occasionally calls it “the city of palm trees” (e.g., Dt 34:3; 2 Chr 28:15).<\/p>\n<p>Jericho was located on the west side of the Jordan River about five miles (8 kilometers) from the southernmost fords and about ten miles (16 kilometers) northwest of the Dead Sea. Being in the broad part of the plain of the Jordan, it lies nearly 1,000 feet (305 meters) below sea level and about 3,500 feet (1,067 meters) below Jerusalem, which was a mere 17 miles (27 kilometers) away. This simple topographical fact explains the incidental words in Jesus’ parable of the good Samaritan, “down from Jerusalem to Jericho” (Lk 10:30).<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"History\">History<\/p>\n<h5>Prebiblical Record<\/h5>\n<p>Jericho was a large and thriving city for centuries, even millennia, before the Bible first mentions it in connection with the exodus from Egypt. In fact, Jericho is one of the oldest cities in the world, with remains dating to and before the Neolithic Age 10,000 years ago.<\/p>\n<p>For three reasons primitive people would have chosen this site, first as a settlement and eventually as a key city: (1) It has a copious spring, now called Elisha’s Fountain (cf. 2 Kgs 2:18-22). (2) It has a warm climate in the winter, although “hot” describes it in the summer. (3) It is strategically located at a Jordan ford and at the base of several routes leading westward to the foothills.<\/p>\n<p>The comings and goings of various populations can be reconstructed only sketchily from noninscriptional archaeological data. The civilizations grew more complex over the years, going from a simple food-gathering economy at first to the relatively complex urban society, complete with king, soldiers, and guest houses, that Joshua encountered. The first certain identification of its inhabitants occurs in Numbers 13:29: “The Hittites, the Jebusites, and the Amorites dwell in the hill country; and the Canaanites dwell by the sea, and along the Jordan” (<span>rsv<\/span>).<\/p>\n\n<h5>In the Old Testament<\/h5>\n<p>The Jericho of the OT is best known as the first city taken by the invading Israelites through the miracle of the falling walls. Having spent some time on the east bank of the Jordan in the plains of Moab (Nm 22:1; 26:3, 63), the Israelites targeted it as the first military objective in the Conquest. Joshua sent spies to reconnoiter the land and the city. Rahab the harlot took them in and later engineered their escape. For her cooperation, she and her family were spared when Israel destroyed the city (Jos 2, 6). The fall of the city itself occurred after the Israelites had marched around it in silence, except for the continual blowing of trumpets, once a day for six days and then seven times on the seventh day. Then, as the priests blew the trumpets, the people shouted and the walls collapsed.<\/p>\n<p>Joshua laid a curse on anyone who might rebuild Jericho (Jos 6:26). The curse was fulfilled about 500 years later when Hiel rebuilt the city at the cost of two of his sons (1 Kgs 16:34).<\/p>\n<p>Jericho was in the territory of Benjamin but right on the border with the territory of Ephraim to the north (Jos 16:1, 7; 18:12, 21) and appears in scattered incidents throughout the rest of the OT. In 2 Samuel 10:5 (see also 1 Chr 19:5) David had his humiliated ambassadors wait there until their beards grew back. It served as a kind of headquarters for Elisha and apparently was where a “company of the prophets” lived (2 Kgs 2:5; cf. 1 Sm 10:5). During the time of Ahaz, a return of prisoners took place there (2 Chr 28:15). When Jerusalem fell in 586 <span>BC<\/span>, the reigning king, Zedekiah, fled to near Jericho but was caught by the Babylonians, who later put out his eyes at Riblah in Syria (2 Kgs 25:5; Jer 39:5; 52:8). The last OT references to Jericho are in the census lists of Ezra (Ezr 2:34) and Nehemiah (Neh 7:36). Men from Jericho also helped rebuild the Jerusalem wall (3:2).<\/p>\n<h5>In the New Testament<\/h5>\n<p>First, it must be understood that the Jericho of NT times was built by Herod more than a mile to the south of the OT site, at the mouth of the Wadi Qilt. It is possible to sort out the healing of the blind men episodes in the synoptic Gospels by understanding that Jesus was passing from the site of ancient Jericho (Mt 20:29; Mk 10:46) and approaching Herodian Jericho (Lk 18:35). The modern city of Jericho includes both these sites. As Jesus passed through Jericho (19:1) he met and ate with Zacchaeus, the wealthy chief tax collector of the new Roman Jericho. The city also figures in the parable of the Good Samaritan (10:30-37).<\/p>\n<h5>Postbiblical Record<\/h5>\n<p>While ancient Jericho was of small consequence after its destruction under Joshua, the Jericho of Herod was a city of beauty and importance. But even this city fell into decay with the decline of Roman influence in the Middle East. Most of what we know of the city until modern times comes from the writings of pilgrims to the Holy Land. They usually report seeing certain things of biblical significance, such as the tree that Zacchaeus climbed, but they also report that Jericho was a squalid, wretched Muslim village. And such it has been until relatively recent times, when it grew in size and importance as a major West Bank city.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>JERICHO<\/h3>\n<p>Ancient city on the west side of the Jordan River. The name Jericho may be connected to the ancient name of the Canaanite moon god. The Hebrew words for moon, month, new moon, and Jericho are very similar. Others associate it with the word for spirit or smell, assuming that the pleasant fragrances of the fruits and spices that grew in this oasis occasioned the name of the place. The OT occasionally calls it “the city of palm trees” (e.g., Dt 34:3; 2 Chr 28:15).<\/p>\n<p>Jericho was located on the west side of the Jordan River about five miles (8 kilometers) from the southernmost fords and about ten miles (16 kilometers) northwest of the Dead Sea. Being in the broad part of the plain of the Jordan, it lies nearly 1,000 feet (305 meters) below sea level and about 3,500 feet (1,067 meters) below Jerusalem, which was a mere 17 miles (27 kilometers) away. This simple topographical fact explains the incidental words in Jesus’ parable of the good Samaritan, “down from Jerusalem to Jericho” (Lk 10:30).<\/p>\n<p class=\"h2\" id=\"History\">History<\/p>\n<h5>Prebiblical Record<\/h5>\n<p>Jericho was a large and thriving city for centuries, even millennia, before the Bible first mentions it in connection with the exodus from Egypt. In fact, Jericho is one of the oldest cities in the world, with remains dating to and before the Neolithic Age 10,000 years ago.<\/p>\n<p>For three reasons primitive people would have chosen this site, first as a settlement and eventually as a key city: (1) It has a copious spring, now called Elisha’s Fountain (cf. 2 Kgs 2:18-22). (2) It has a warm climate in the winter, although “hot” describes it in the summer. (3) It is strategically located at a Jordan ford and at the base of several routes leading westward to the foothills.<\/p>\n<p>The comings and goings of various populations can be reconstructed only sketchily from noninscriptional archaeological data. The civilizations grew more complex over the years, going from a simple food-gathering economy at first to the relatively complex urban society, complete with king, soldiers, and guest houses, that Joshua encountered. The first certain identification of its inhabitants occurs in Numbers 13:29: “The Hittites, the Jebusites, and the Amorites dwell in the hill country; and the Canaanites dwell by the sea, and along the Jordan” (<span>rsv<\/span>).<\/p>\n\n<h5>In the Old Testament<\/h5>\n<p>The Jericho of the OT is best known as the first city taken by the invading Israelites through the miracle of the falling walls. Having spent some time on the east bank of the Jordan in the plains of Moab (Nm 22:1; 26:3, 63), the Israelites targeted it as the first military objective in the Conquest. Joshua sent spies to reconnoiter the land and the city. Rahab the harlot took them in and later engineered their escape. For her cooperation, she and her family were spared when Israel destroyed the city (Jos 2, 6). The fall of the city itself occurred after the Israelites had marched around it in silence, except for the continual blowing of trumpets, once a day for six days and then seven times on the seventh day. Then, as the priests blew the trumpets, the people shouted and the walls collapsed.<\/p>\n<p>Joshua laid a curse on anyone who might rebuild Jericho (Jos 6:26). The curse was fulfilled about 500 years later when Hiel rebuilt the city at the cost of two of his sons (1 Kgs 16:34).<\/p>\n<p>Jericho was in the territory of Benjamin but right on the border with the territory of Ephraim to the north (Jos 16:1, 7; 18:12, 21) and appears in scattered incidents throughout the rest of the OT. In 2 Samuel 10:5 (see also 1 Chr 19:5) David had his humiliated ambassadors wait there until their beards grew back. It served as a kind of headquarters for Elisha and apparently was where a “company of the prophets” lived (2 Kgs 2:5; cf. 1 Sm 10:5). During the time of Ahaz, a return of prisoners took place there (2 Chr 28:15). When Jerusalem fell in 586 <span>BC<\/span>, the reigning king, Zedekiah, fled to near Jericho but was caught by the Babylonians, who later put out his eyes at Riblah in Syria (2 Kgs 25:5; Jer 39:5; 52:8). The last OT references to Jericho are in the census lists of Ezra (Ezr 2:34) and Nehemiah (Neh 7:36). Men from Jericho also helped rebuild the Jerusalem wall (3:2).<\/p>\n<h5>In the New Testament<\/h5>\n<p>First, it must be understood that the Jericho of NT times was built by Herod more than a mile to the south of the OT site, at the mouth of the Wadi Qilt. It is possible to sort out the healing of the blind men episodes in the synoptic Gospels by understanding that Jesus was passing from the site of ancient Jericho (Mt 20:29; Mk 10:46) and approaching Herodian Jericho (Lk 18:35). The modern city of Jericho includes both these sites. As Jesus passed through Jericho (19:1) he met and ate with Zacchaeus, the wealthy chief tax collector of the new Roman Jericho. The city also figures in the parable of the Good Samaritan (10:30-37).<\/p>\n<h5>Postbiblical Record<\/h5>\n<p>While ancient Jericho was of small consequence after its destruction under Joshua, the Jericho of Herod was a city of beauty and importance. But even this city fell into decay with the decline of Roman influence in the Middle East. Most of what we know of the city until modern times comes from the writings of pilgrims to the Holy Land. They usually report seeing certain things of biblical significance, such as the tree that Zacchaeus climbed, but they also report that Jericho was a squalid, wretched Muslim village. And such it has been until relatively recent times, when it grew in size and importance as a major West Bank city.<\/p>","summary_ro":"JERICHO Ancient city on the west side of the Jordan River. The name Jericho may be connected to the ancient name of the Canaanite moon god. The Hebrew words for moon, month, new moon, and Jericho are very similar. Others associate it with the word for spirit or smell, assuming that the pleasant fragrances of the fruits and spices that grew in this oasis occasioned the name of the place. The OT occasionally calls it “the city of palm trees” (e.g., Dt 34:3; 2 Chr 28:15). Jericho was located on ...","summary_en":"JERICHO Ancient city on the west side of the Jordan River. The name Jericho may be connected to the ancient name of the Canaanite moon god. The Hebrew words for moon, month, new moon, and Jericho are very similar. Others associate it with the word for spirit or smell, assuming that the pleasant fragrances of the fruits and spices that grew in this oasis occasioned the name of the place. The OT occasionally calls it “the city of palm trees” (e.g., Dt 34:3; 2 Chr 28:15). Jericho was located on ...","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"6":[{"id":2518,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Aram-Maacah (Maachah*)","title_en":"Aram-Maacah (Maachah*)","content_ro":"<h3>ARAM-MAACAH (MAACHAH*)<\/h3>\n<p>Alternate name for Maacah in 1 Chronicles 19:6. <em>See<\/em> Maacah, Maachah (Place).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ARAM-MAACAH (MAACHAH*)<\/h3>\n<p>Alternate name for Maacah in 1 Chronicles 19:6. <em>See<\/em> Maacah, Maachah (Place).<\/p>","summary_ro":"ARAM-MAACAH (MAACHAH*) Alternate name for Maacah in 1 Chronicles 19:6. See Maacah, Maachah (Place).","summary_en":"ARAM-MAACAH (MAACHAH*) Alternate name for Maacah in 1 Chronicles 19:6. See Maacah, Maachah (Place).","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":2524,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Aram-Naharaim","title_en":"Aram-Naharaim","content_ro":"<h3>ARAM-NAHARAIM<\/h3>\n<p>Hebrew word meaning “Aram of the two rivers”; it refers to the area bounded by the upper Euphrates and the Habur Rivers. It is sometimes translated “Mesopotamia” (Dt 23:4, <span>rsv<\/span>). The major city of that area was Haran, where Terah and Abram stopped and where Terah died (Gn 11:31-32). A servant of Abraham (Abram) returned to the same region to seek a wife for Abraham’s son Isaac (Gn 24:1-10). Isaac’s son Jacob also returned to Haran to seek a wife (Gn 28:1-5; Paddan-aram is a synonym of Aram-naharaim). Aram-naharaim was the home of Balaam, the pagan prophet (Dt 23:4). One oppressor of Israel during the period of the judges was Cushan-rishathaim, king of Aram-naharaim (Jgs 3:8-11). Later, in King David’s wars with Ammon, he had to confront mercenary charioteers hired from the Aramean centers of Aram-naharaim, Aram-maacah, and Zobah (1 Chr 19:6; cf. Ps 60 title). <em>See<\/em> Syria, Syrians.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ARAM-NAHARAIM<\/h3>\n<p>Hebrew word meaning “Aram of the two rivers”; it refers to the area bounded by the upper Euphrates and the Habur Rivers. It is sometimes translated “Mesopotamia” (Dt 23:4, <span>rsv<\/span>). The major city of that area was Haran, where Terah and Abram stopped and where Terah died (Gn 11:31-32). A servant of Abraham (Abram) returned to the same region to seek a wife for Abraham’s son Isaac (Gn 24:1-10). Isaac’s son Jacob also returned to Haran to seek a wife (Gn 28:1-5; Paddan-aram is a synonym of Aram-naharaim). Aram-naharaim was the home of Balaam, the pagan prophet (Dt 23:4). One oppressor of Israel during the period of the judges was Cushan-rishathaim, king of Aram-naharaim (Jgs 3:8-11). Later, in King David’s wars with Ammon, he had to confront mercenary charioteers hired from the Aramean centers of Aram-naharaim, Aram-maacah, and Zobah (1 Chr 19:6; cf. Ps 60 title). <em>See<\/em> Syria, Syrians.<\/p>","summary_ro":"ARAM-NAHARAIM Hebrew word meaning “Aram of the two rivers”; it refers to the area bounded by the upper Euphrates and the Habur Rivers. It is sometimes translated “Mesopotamia” (Dt 23:4, rsv). The major city of that area was Haran, where Terah and Abram stopped and where Terah died (Gn 11:31-32). A servant of Abraham (Abram) returned to the same region to seek a wife for Abraham’s son Isaac (Gn 24:1-10). Isaac’s son Jacob also returned to Haran to seek a wife (Gn 28:1-5; Paddan-aram is a synon...","summary_en":"ARAM-NAHARAIM Hebrew word meaning “Aram of the two rivers”; it refers to the area bounded by the upper Euphrates and the Habur Rivers. It is sometimes translated “Mesopotamia” (Dt 23:4, rsv). The major city of that area was Haran, where Terah and Abram stopped and where Terah died (Gn 11:31-32). A servant of Abraham (Abram) returned to the same region to seek a wife for Abraham’s son Isaac (Gn 24:1-10). Isaac’s son Jacob also returned to Haran to seek a wife (Gn 28:1-5; Paddan-aram is a synon...","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":23737,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Maachah* (Place) Maacah","title_en":"Maachah* (Place) Maacah","content_ro":"<h3>MAACAH, MAACHAH* (P<span>lace<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<p>Small kingdom in northern Transjordan alternately named Aram-Maacah in 1 Chronicles 19:6 (<span>kjv<\/span> “Syria-maachah”). According to Joshua 13:11, the states of Geshur and Maacah were between Gilead and Mt Hermon and they bordered the kingdom of Og, ruler of Bashan (Jos 12:4-5). Its people were reckoned as descendants of Nahor (Gn 22:24) and were the southernmost of the Nahorite tribes.<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Aram (Person) #2; Aram (Place).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>MAACAH, MAACHAH* (P<span>lace<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<p>Small kingdom in northern Transjordan alternately named Aram-Maacah in 1 Chronicles 19:6 (<span>kjv<\/span> “Syria-maachah”). According to Joshua 13:11, the states of Geshur and Maacah were between Gilead and Mt Hermon and they bordered the kingdom of Og, ruler of Bashan (Jos 12:4-5). Its people were reckoned as descendants of Nahor (Gn 22:24) and were the southernmost of the Nahorite tribes.<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Aram (Person) #2; Aram (Place).<\/p>","summary_ro":"MAACAH, MAACHAH* (Place) Small kingdom in northern Transjordan alternately named Aram-Maacah in 1 Chronicles 19:6 (kjv “Syria-maachah”). According to Joshua 13:11, the states of Geshur and Maacah were between Gilead and Mt Hermon and they bordered the kingdom of Og, ruler of Bashan (Jos 12:4-5). Its people were reckoned as descendants of Nahor (Gn 22:24) and were the southernmost of the Nahorite tribes. See also Aram (Person) #2; Aram (Place).","summary_en":"MAACAH, MAACHAH* (Place) Small kingdom in northern Transjordan alternately named Aram-Maacah in 1 Chronicles 19:6 (kjv “Syria-maachah”). According to Joshua 13:11, the states of Geshur and Maacah were between Gilead and Mt Hermon and they bordered the kingdom of Og, ruler of Bashan (Jos 12:4-5). Its people were reckoned as descendants of Nahor (Gn 22:24) and were the southernmost of the Nahorite tribes. See also Aram (Person) #2; Aram (Place).","source":"Articles\/M.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":25344,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Mesopotamia","title_en":"Mesopotamia","content_ro":"<h3>MESOPOTAMIA<\/h3>\n<p>Name given by the Greeks to the land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, an area today called al-Jazira, “the island,” by the Arabs. Mesopotamia, which means literally “between the rivers,” is applied to the land between and near those rivers down to the Persian Gulf. Much of it is included in Iraq, but some of it is in Syria, and a small part in Turkey.<\/p>\n<p>Mesopotamia played a significant role in OT history. Much of the tightly compressed account of Genesis 1–11 was centered here. The Garden of Eden was situated in this area, for two of the rivers of Genesis 2:10-14 are identified as the Euphrates and the Tigris.<\/p>\n<p>The prehistoric cultures of Mesopotamia are unknown. The historical periods are labeled by the names of various cities that dominated them, such as Ur and Isin-Larsa, or by the names of dynasties established in those places, for example, Ur III.<\/p>\n\n<p>The southernmost part of Mesopotamia is known as Sumer and was populated by the Sumerians, who had a distinctive culture and a non-Semitic language, which was written in cuneiform script, as were most of the other languages of Mesopotamia. Farther north was the district called Akkad, which was also named Agade and had a Semitic population. Still farther north, along the Tigris, was the land that became Assyria, while to the far west was Syria, or Aram, and in between was Mitanni (c. 1400 <span>BC<\/span>). As portions of Mesopotamia slipped from hand to hand, various sections became parts of different empires, such as Hittite, Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, Greek or Hellenistic, and Roman.<\/p>\n<p>In the Hebrew OT the name for Mesopotamia is Aram-naharaim, “Aram of the two rivers.” Abraham sent his servant, Eliezer, to Aram-naharaim to find a wife for Isaac (Gn 24:10). In this context it has been suggested that the two rivers were the Euphrates and the Khabur. The account of the adventures of Jacob in this area does not use the term Aram-naharaim but employs instead the name Paddan-aram, “the field [or garden] of Aram” (28:2).<\/p>\n<p>Balaam, the son of Beor, was from Pethor in Mesopotamia (Dt 23:4). During the period of the judges, Cushan-rishathaim, king of Mesopotamia, oppressed Israel for eight years, but the Lord brought deliverance through Othniel (Jgs 3:8-10).<\/p>\n<p>When the Ammonites expected David to invade their territory because they had insulted his ambassadors, they hired chariotry from Mesopotamia and elsewhere to bolster their forces (1 Chr 19:6).<\/p>\n<p>In the NT Mesopotamia is mentioned only twice. People from Mesopotamia were present on the day of Pentecost (Acts 2:9). Stephen, in his defense before the Sanhedrin, states that Abraham lived in Mesopotamia before he lived in Haran (Acts 7:2; see Gn 11:31).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>MESOPOTAMIA<\/h3>\n<p>Name given by the Greeks to the land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, an area today called al-Jazira, “the island,” by the Arabs. Mesopotamia, which means literally “between the rivers,” is applied to the land between and near those rivers down to the Persian Gulf. Much of it is included in Iraq, but some of it is in Syria, and a small part in Turkey.<\/p>\n<p>Mesopotamia played a significant role in OT history. Much of the tightly compressed account of Genesis 1–11 was centered here. The Garden of Eden was situated in this area, for two of the rivers of Genesis 2:10-14 are identified as the Euphrates and the Tigris.<\/p>\n<p>The prehistoric cultures of Mesopotamia are unknown. The historical periods are labeled by the names of various cities that dominated them, such as Ur and Isin-Larsa, or by the names of dynasties established in those places, for example, Ur III.<\/p>\n\n<p>The southernmost part of Mesopotamia is known as Sumer and was populated by the Sumerians, who had a distinctive culture and a non-Semitic language, which was written in cuneiform script, as were most of the other languages of Mesopotamia. Farther north was the district called Akkad, which was also named Agade and had a Semitic population. Still farther north, along the Tigris, was the land that became Assyria, while to the far west was Syria, or Aram, and in between was Mitanni (c. 1400 <span>BC<\/span>). As portions of Mesopotamia slipped from hand to hand, various sections became parts of different empires, such as Hittite, Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, Greek or Hellenistic, and Roman.<\/p>\n<p>In the Hebrew OT the name for Mesopotamia is Aram-naharaim, “Aram of the two rivers.” Abraham sent his servant, Eliezer, to Aram-naharaim to find a wife for Isaac (Gn 24:10). In this context it has been suggested that the two rivers were the Euphrates and the Khabur. The account of the adventures of Jacob in this area does not use the term Aram-naharaim but employs instead the name Paddan-aram, “the field [or garden] of Aram” (28:2).<\/p>\n<p>Balaam, the son of Beor, was from Pethor in Mesopotamia (Dt 23:4). During the period of the judges, Cushan-rishathaim, king of Mesopotamia, oppressed Israel for eight years, but the Lord brought deliverance through Othniel (Jgs 3:8-10).<\/p>\n<p>When the Ammonites expected David to invade their territory because they had insulted his ambassadors, they hired chariotry from Mesopotamia and elsewhere to bolster their forces (1 Chr 19:6).<\/p>\n<p>In the NT Mesopotamia is mentioned only twice. People from Mesopotamia were present on the day of Pentecost (Acts 2:9). Stephen, in his defense before the Sanhedrin, states that Abraham lived in Mesopotamia before he lived in Haran (Acts 7:2; see Gn 11:31).<\/p>","summary_ro":"MESOPOTAMIA Name given by the Greeks to the land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, an area today called al-Jazira, “the island,” by the Arabs. Mesopotamia, which means literally “between the rivers,” is applied to the land between and near those rivers down to the Persian Gulf. Much of it is included in Iraq, but some of it is in Syria, and a small part in Turkey. Mesopotamia played a significant role in OT history. Much of the tightly compressed account of Genesis 1–11 was centered he...","summary_en":"MESOPOTAMIA Name given by the Greeks to the land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, an area today called al-Jazira, “the island,” by the Arabs. Mesopotamia, which means literally “between the rivers,” is applied to the land between and near those rivers down to the Persian Gulf. Much of it is included in Iraq, but some of it is in Syria, and a small part in Turkey. Mesopotamia played a significant role in OT history. Much of the tightly compressed account of Genesis 1–11 was centered he...","source":"Articles\/M.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"7":[{"id":24906,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Medeba","title_en":"Medeba","content_ro":"<h3>MEDEBA<\/h3>\n<p>Moabite town in the fertile plain northeast of the Dead Sea, about 25 miles (40.2 kilometers) south of Philadelphia (modern Amman). It was situated 6 miles (9.7 kilometers) south of Heshbon on the Roman road to Kerak.<\/p>\n<p>Here the Amorites defeated Moab (Nm 21:30). Later, Israel defeated Sihon, king of the Amorites, at Medeba and assigned it to Reuben’s tribe (Jos 13:9, 16). At this place David routed an Aramean army hired by the Ammonites to attack his forces (1 Chr 19:7).<\/p>\n<p>According to the Moabite Stone, the town was once controlled by Omri and Ahab of Israel; however, when Mesha reasserted Moabite dominance in the eighth century <span>BC<\/span>, he rebuilt Medeba and other Moabite cities. Medeba is named in Isaiah’s prophecies against Moab (Is 15:2). In later times Joram and Jehoshaphat made unsuccessful attempts at capturing this city.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>MEDEBA<\/h3>\n<p>Moabite town in the fertile plain northeast of the Dead Sea, about 25 miles (40.2 kilometers) south of Philadelphia (modern Amman). It was situated 6 miles (9.7 kilometers) south of Heshbon on the Roman road to Kerak.<\/p>\n<p>Here the Amorites defeated Moab (Nm 21:30). Later, Israel defeated Sihon, king of the Amorites, at Medeba and assigned it to Reuben’s tribe (Jos 13:9, 16). At this place David routed an Aramean army hired by the Ammonites to attack his forces (1 Chr 19:7).<\/p>\n<p>According to the Moabite Stone, the town was once controlled by Omri and Ahab of Israel; however, when Mesha reasserted Moabite dominance in the eighth century <span>BC<\/span>, he rebuilt Medeba and other Moabite cities. Medeba is named in Isaiah’s prophecies against Moab (Is 15:2). In later times Joram and Jehoshaphat made unsuccessful attempts at capturing this city.<\/p>","summary_ro":"MEDEBA Moabite town in the fertile plain northeast of the Dead Sea, about 25 miles (40.2 kilometers) south of Philadelphia (modern Amman). It was situated 6 miles (9.7 kilometers) south of Heshbon on the Roman road to Kerak. Here the Amorites defeated Moab (Nm 21:30). Later, Israel defeated Sihon, king of the Amorites, at Medeba and assigned it to Reuben’s tribe (Jos 13:9, 16). At this place David routed an Aramean army hired by the Ammonites to attack his forces (1 Chr 19:7). According to th...","summary_en":"MEDEBA Moabite town in the fertile plain northeast of the Dead Sea, about 25 miles (40.2 kilometers) south of Philadelphia (modern Amman). It was situated 6 miles (9.7 kilometers) south of Heshbon on the Roman road to Kerak. Here the Amorites defeated Moab (Nm 21:30). Later, Israel defeated Sihon, king of the Amorites, at Medeba and assigned it to Reuben’s tribe (Jos 13:9, 16). At this place David routed an Aramean army hired by the Ammonites to attack his forces (1 Chr 19:7). According to th...","source":"Articles\/M.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"8":[{"id":41425,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Joab","title_en":"Joab","content_ro":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","summary_ro":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","summary_en":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":69051,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Joab","title_en":"Joab","content_ro":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","summary_ro":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","summary_en":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":96677,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Joab","title_en":"Joab","content_ro":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","summary_ro":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","summary_en":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":124303,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Joab","title_en":"Joab","content_ro":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Joab<\/h3>\n<p>Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the northern army of Israel under Abner’s impressive command (2 Sam 2:12-32).<\/p>\n<p>Joab often acted to promote what he perceived were David’s interests. For example, he colluded with David in the death of Uriah the Hittite to cover up the king’s adultery with Bathsheba (11:1-27). He persuaded David to allow Absalom’s return to court (14:1-33), and he tried to talk David out of taking a census that provoked God’s anger (24:1-9; 1 Chr 21:1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Though he was very loyal to David, Joab sometimes acted in his own interest, and sometimes he disregarded the king’s orders. When Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel (2 Sam 2:23), Joab killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (3:12-19). Later, Joab killed his own cousin Amasa (20:8-10), who commanded Absalom’s army (17:25), after David had appointed Amasa commander in Joab’s place (19:13; 20:4). Joab also killed Absalom against David’s direct order (18:5, 10-17). He then rebuked David for grieving Absalom’s death rather than congratulating the army (19:5-7). Joab was ruthless, and he regained the most powerful position in David’s army (20:23; 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>Joab sealed his fate by supporting Adonijah’s bid for David’s throne (1 Kgs 1:5-7). David’s deathbed instructions to Solomon included having Joab killed because of his murders of Abner and Amasa. When Solomon became king, he sent Benaiah to kill Joab even as Joab clung to the horns of the altar (1 Kgs 2:28-34). Joab met the same fate that he dealt to others throughout his life, and his executioner replaced him as commander of Israel’s army (1 Kgs 2:35).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2 Sam 2:13-32; 3:22-39; 8:16; 10:7-14; 11:1-25; 12:26-28; 14:1-33; 17:25; 18:2–19:13; 20:7-23; 24:2-9; 1 Kgs 1:7, 19; 2:28-35; 11:15-16; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:6-8; 18:15; 19:8-15; 20:1; 21:2-6; 26:28; 27:24, 34; Ps 60:1-12<\/p>","summary_ro":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","summary_en":"Joab Joab was David’s nephew, the son of David’s sister Zeruiah (1 Chr 2:13-16); his brothers were Abishai and Asahel. Joab became commander of David’s armies because of his bravery and military skill (2 Sam 2:18; 8:16; 11:1; 1 Chr 18:15). As the first to attack the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, he was awarded the commander’s position (1 Chr 11:4-9). Joab also suppressed a rebellion among the Arameans and Ammonites (2 Sam 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:8-15) and won many key battles for David against the no...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":19894,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Joab","title_en":"Joab","content_ro":"<h3>JOAB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Zeruiah, the half sister of David (1 Chr 2:16), who, along with his brothers Abishai and Asahel, was well known for his military valor in Judah (2 Sm 2:18; cf. 1 Sm 26:6). According to 2 Samuel, Joab rose to prominence and distinguished himself at the battle of Gibeon when Saul’s troops under Abner were vanquished (2 Sm 2:8-32). Because Abner had slain Joab’s brother Asahel (v 23), Joab later killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (vv 12-19). Possibly Joab sensed that Abner would be his rival. Nevertheless, David praised the slain commander as a prince and a great man (vv 31-39) and set a curse on the house of Joab for his insubordination (vv 26-29, 39). This incident illumines Joab’s sometimes unscrupulous and ruthless behavior.<\/li>\n<p>Joab spearheaded David’s siege of the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, and when David consolidated his reign there, Joab became the commander of the king’s army (2 Sm 8:16; 11:1; cf. 1 Chr 11:6-8; 18:15). He suppressed a rebellion among the Syrians and Ammonites (2 Sm 10:7-14; 1 Chr 19:8-15). At Rabbah he not only conquered the city (2 Sm 11–12) but arranged for the death of Uriah the Hittite so that David could take Uriah’s wife, Bathsheba.<\/p>\n<p>Joab’s loyalties to David and shrewd control of the army are seen during Absalom’s rebellion (2 Sm 15). Joab suppressed the conspiracy (ch 18), but ignoring a direct order from David not to kill his son (18:5), brutally killed him anyway (vv 10-17). When David mourned, Joab rebuked the king, urging that a crisis with the army was imminent (19:5-7). This insubordination led David to replace Joab with Amasa as commander (v 13), but later, at Gibeon, Joab also killed him dishonorably (20:8-10). Joab’s influence in the army must have been great, since he regained his former role as military commander (2 Sm 20:23, 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>At the end of David’s reign, Joab supported the conspiracy of Adonijah and Abiathar against the throne (1 Kgs 1:7). David’s distrust of him led the king to warn Solomon specifically about Joab’s repeated treacheries (2:5-9). Solomon had to resolve the problem of an untrustworthy army. Therefore, upon his father’s death, Solomon pursued the conspirators Adonijah (v 23), Abiathar (v 26), and Joab (v 28). Solomon’s officer Benaiah found Joab at the altar seeking refuge and killed him there (vv 28-35), thus cleansing Solomon’s reign from the wrongdoing of Joab.<\/p>\n<li>2. KJV translation (“Ataroth, the house of Joab”) of Atroth-beth-joab in 1 Chronicles 2:54. <em>See<\/em> Atroth-beth-joab.<\/li>\n<li>3. Judahite, Seraiah’s son from the house of Kenaz and forefather of the residents of the valley of craftsmen (1 Chr 4:14).<\/li>\n<li>4. Forefather of a clan of Jews who returned to Palestine with Zerubbabel following the exile (Ezr 2:6; Neh 7:11).<\/li>\n<li>5. Forefather of a family of which 219 members returned with Ezra to Palestine following the exile (Ezr 8:9). He is perhaps identifiable with #4 above.<\/li>","content_en":"<h3>JOAB<\/h3>\n<li>1. Son of Zeruiah, the half sister of David (1 Chr 2:16), who, along with his brothers Abishai and Asahel, was well known for his military valor in Judah (2 Sm 2:18; cf. 1 Sm 26:6). According to 2 Samuel, Joab rose to prominence and distinguished himself at the battle of Gibeon when Saul’s troops under Abner were vanquished (2 Sm 2:8-32). Because Abner had slain Joab’s brother Asahel (v 23), Joab later killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (vv 12-19). Possibly Joab sensed that Abner would be his rival. Nevertheless, David praised the slain commander as a prince and a great man (vv 31-39) and set a curse on the house of Joab for his insubordination (vv 26-29, 39). This incident illumines Joab’s sometimes unscrupulous and ruthless behavior.<\/li>\n<p>Joab spearheaded David’s siege of the Jebusite city of Jerusalem, and when David consolidated his reign there, Joab became the commander of the king’s army (2 Sm 8:16; 11:1; cf. 1 Chr 11:6-8; 18:15). He suppressed a rebellion among the Syrians and Ammonites (2 Sm 10:7-14; 1 Chr 19:8-15). At Rabbah he not only conquered the city (2 Sm 11–12) but arranged for the death of Uriah the Hittite so that David could take Uriah’s wife, Bathsheba.<\/p>\n<p>Joab’s loyalties to David and shrewd control of the army are seen during Absalom’s rebellion (2 Sm 15). Joab suppressed the conspiracy (ch 18), but ignoring a direct order from David not to kill his son (18:5), brutally killed him anyway (vv 10-17). When David mourned, Joab rebuked the king, urging that a crisis with the army was imminent (19:5-7). This insubordination led David to replace Joab with Amasa as commander (v 13), but later, at Gibeon, Joab also killed him dishonorably (20:8-10). Joab’s influence in the army must have been great, since he regained his former role as military commander (2 Sm 20:23, 24:2; 1 Kgs 1:19).<\/p>\n<p>At the end of David’s reign, Joab supported the conspiracy of Adonijah and Abiathar against the throne (1 Kgs 1:7). David’s distrust of him led the king to warn Solomon specifically about Joab’s repeated treacheries (2:5-9). Solomon had to resolve the problem of an untrustworthy army. Therefore, upon his father’s death, Solomon pursued the conspirators Adonijah (v 23), Abiathar (v 26), and Joab (v 28). Solomon’s officer Benaiah found Joab at the altar seeking refuge and killed him there (vv 28-35), thus cleansing Solomon’s reign from the wrongdoing of Joab.<\/p>\n<li>2. KJV translation (“Ataroth, the house of Joab”) of Atroth-beth-joab in 1 Chronicles 2:54. <em>See<\/em> Atroth-beth-joab.<\/li>\n<li>3. Judahite, Seraiah’s son from the house of Kenaz and forefather of the residents of the valley of craftsmen (1 Chr 4:14).<\/li>\n<li>4. Forefather of a clan of Jews who returned to Palestine with Zerubbabel following the exile (Ezr 2:6; Neh 7:11).<\/li>\n<li>5. Forefather of a family of which 219 members returned with Ezra to Palestine following the exile (Ezr 8:9). He is perhaps identifiable with #4 above.<\/li>","summary_ro":"JOAB 1. Son of Zeruiah, the half sister of David (1 Chr 2:16), who, along with his brothers Abishai and Asahel, was well known for his military valor in Judah (2 Sm 2:18; cf. 1 Sm 26:6). According to 2 Samuel, Joab rose to prominence and distinguished himself at the battle of Gibeon when Saul’s troops under Abner were vanquished (2 Sm 2:8-32). Because Abner had slain Joab’s brother Asahel (v 23), Joab later killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (vv 12-19). Po...","summary_en":"JOAB 1. Son of Zeruiah, the half sister of David (1 Chr 2:16), who, along with his brothers Abishai and Asahel, was well known for his military valor in Judah (2 Sm 2:18; cf. 1 Sm 26:6). According to 2 Samuel, Joab rose to prominence and distinguished himself at the battle of Gibeon when Saul’s troops under Abner were vanquished (2 Sm 2:8-32). Because Abner had slain Joab’s brother Asahel (v 23), Joab later killed Abner in revenge (3:26-30), despite Abner’s new loyalty to David (vv 12-19). Po...","source":"Articles\/J.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"9":[{"id":47655,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 19:9","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 19:9","content_ro":"<p><strong>19:9-13<\/strong> The enemy armies drew their battle lines strategically; <em>the Ammonites<\/em> positioned themselves so that the city of Medeba could serve as a refuge, while the Israelites also had to deal with a second offensive from <em>the Arameans<\/em>. <em>Joab<\/em> divided his forces to fight on both fronts from a central rallying point.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>19:9-13<\/strong> The enemy armies drew their battle lines strategically; <em>the Ammonites<\/em> positioned themselves so that the city of Medeba could serve as a refuge, while the Israelites also had to deal with a second offensive from <em>the Arameans<\/em>. <em>Joab<\/em> divided his forces to fight on both fronts from a central rallying point.<\/p>","summary_ro":"19:9-13 The enemy armies drew their battle lines strategically; the Ammonites positioned themselves so that the city of Medeba could serve as a refuge, while the Israelites also had to deal with a second offensive from the Arameans. Joab divided his forces to fight on both fronts from a central rallying point.","summary_en":"19:9-13 The enemy armies drew their battle lines strategically; the Ammonites positioned themselves so that the city of Medeba could serve as a refuge, while the Israelites also had to deal with a second offensive from the Arameans. Joab divided his forces to fight on both fronts from a central rallying point.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":75281,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 19:9","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 19:9","content_ro":"<p><strong>19:9-13<\/strong> The enemy armies drew their battle lines strategically; <em>the Ammonites<\/em> positioned themselves so that the city of Medeba could serve as a refuge, while the Israelites also had to deal with a second offensive from <em>the Arameans<\/em>. <em>Joab<\/em> divided his forces to fight on both fronts from a central rallying point.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>19:9-13<\/strong> The enemy armies drew their battle lines strategically; <em>the Ammonites<\/em> positioned themselves so that the city of Medeba could serve as a refuge, while the Israelites also had to deal with a second offensive from <em>the Arameans<\/em>. <em>Joab<\/em> divided his forces to fight on both fronts from a central rallying point.<\/p>","summary_ro":"19:9-13 The enemy armies drew their battle lines strategically; the Ammonites positioned themselves so that the city of Medeba could serve as a refuge, while the Israelites also had to deal with a second offensive from the Arameans. Joab divided his forces to fight on both fronts from a central rallying point.","summary_en":"19:9-13 The enemy armies drew their battle lines strategically; the Ammonites positioned themselves so that the city of Medeba could serve as a refuge, while the Israelites also had to deal with a second offensive from the Arameans. Joab divided his forces to fight on both fronts from a central rallying point.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":102907,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 19:9","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 19:9","content_ro":"<p><strong>19:9-13<\/strong> The enemy armies drew their battle lines strategically; <em>the Ammonites<\/em> positioned themselves so that the city of Medeba could serve as a refuge, while the Israelites also had to deal with a second offensive from <em>the Arameans<\/em>. <em>Joab<\/em> divided his forces to fight on both fronts from a central rallying point.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>19:9-13<\/strong> The enemy armies drew their battle lines strategically; <em>the Ammonites<\/em> positioned themselves so that the city of Medeba could serve as a refuge, while the Israelites also had to deal with a second offensive from <em>the Arameans<\/em>. <em>Joab<\/em> divided his forces to fight on both fronts from a central rallying point.<\/p>","summary_ro":"19:9-13 The enemy armies drew their battle lines strategically; the Ammonites positioned themselves so that the city of Medeba could serve as a refuge, while the Israelites also had to deal with a second offensive from the Arameans. Joab divided his forces to fight on both fronts from a central rallying point.","summary_en":"19:9-13 The enemy armies drew their battle lines strategically; the Ammonites positioned themselves so that the city of Medeba could serve as a refuge, while the Israelites also had to deal with a second offensive from the Arameans. Joab divided his forces to fight on both fronts from a central rallying point.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":130533,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 19:9","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 19:9","content_ro":"<p><strong>19:9-13<\/strong> The enemy armies drew their battle lines strategically; <em>the Ammonites<\/em> positioned themselves so that the city of Medeba could serve as a refuge, while the Israelites also had to deal with a second offensive from <em>the Arameans<\/em>. <em>Joab<\/em> divided his forces to fight on both fronts from a central rallying point.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>19:9-13<\/strong> The enemy armies drew their battle lines strategically; <em>the Ammonites<\/em> positioned themselves so that the city of Medeba could serve as a refuge, while the Israelites also had to deal with a second offensive from <em>the Arameans<\/em>. <em>Joab<\/em> divided his forces to fight on both fronts from a central rallying point.<\/p>","summary_ro":"19:9-13 The enemy armies drew their battle lines strategically; the Ammonites positioned themselves so that the city of Medeba could serve as a refuge, while the Israelites also had to deal with a second offensive from the Arameans. Joab divided his forces to fight on both fronts from a central rallying point.","summary_en":"19:9-13 The enemy armies drew their battle lines strategically; the Ammonites positioned themselves so that the city of Medeba could serve as a refuge, while the Israelites also had to deal with a second offensive from the Arameans. Joab divided his forces to fight on both fronts from a central rallying point.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"10":[{"id":233,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Abishai","title_en":"Abishai","content_ro":"<h3>ABISHAI<\/h3>\n<p>David’s nephew, son of Zeruiah (by an unnamed father) and brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:16). Abishai volunteered to accompany David to Saul’s camp one night and would have killed the sleeping Saul if David had not restrained him (1 Sm 26:6-12). He also helped Joab kill Abner, Saul’s general, in revenge for the death of another brother (2 Sm 3:30). Later Abishai won a victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13) and was second in command in a decisive battle against the Ammonites (1 Chr 19:10-15). Often vengeful and cruel, Abishai wanted to behead the spiteful Shimei during Absalom’s rebellion, but again David intervened (2 Sm 16:5-12; 19:21-23). When King David fled beyond the Jordan, Abishai was given command of one of David’s three divisions that crushed the rebellion (2 Sm 18:1-15).<\/p>\n<p>In a later battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sm 21:15-17). He ranked among David’s bravest warriors (2 Sm 23:18-19; 1 Chr 11:20-21).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ABISHAI<\/h3>\n<p>David’s nephew, son of Zeruiah (by an unnamed father) and brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:16). Abishai volunteered to accompany David to Saul’s camp one night and would have killed the sleeping Saul if David had not restrained him (1 Sm 26:6-12). He also helped Joab kill Abner, Saul’s general, in revenge for the death of another brother (2 Sm 3:30). Later Abishai won a victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13) and was second in command in a decisive battle against the Ammonites (1 Chr 19:10-15). Often vengeful and cruel, Abishai wanted to behead the spiteful Shimei during Absalom’s rebellion, but again David intervened (2 Sm 16:5-12; 19:21-23). When King David fled beyond the Jordan, Abishai was given command of one of David’s three divisions that crushed the rebellion (2 Sm 18:1-15).<\/p>\n<p>In a later battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sm 21:15-17). He ranked among David’s bravest warriors (2 Sm 23:18-19; 1 Chr 11:20-21).<\/p>","summary_ro":"ABISHAI David’s nephew, son of Zeruiah (by an unnamed father) and brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:16). Abishai volunteered to accompany David to Saul’s camp one night and would have killed the sleeping Saul if David had not restrained him (1 Sm 26:6-12). He also helped Joab kill Abner, Saul’s general, in revenge for the death of another brother (2 Sm 3:30). Later Abishai won a victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13) and was second in command in a decisive battle against the Ammonites (...","summary_en":"ABISHAI David’s nephew, son of Zeruiah (by an unnamed father) and brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:16). Abishai volunteered to accompany David to Saul’s camp one night and would have killed the sleeping Saul if David had not restrained him (1 Sm 26:6-12). He also helped Joab kill Abner, Saul’s general, in revenge for the death of another brother (2 Sm 3:30). Later Abishai won a victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13) and was second in command in a decisive battle against the Ammonites (...","source":"Articles\/A.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"11":[{"id":41417,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Abishai","title_en":"Abishai","content_ro":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","summary_ro":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","summary_en":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":69043,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Abishai","title_en":"Abishai","content_ro":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","summary_ro":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","summary_en":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":96669,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Abishai","title_en":"Abishai","content_ro":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","summary_ro":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","summary_en":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":124295,"type":"profile","type_label":"Profil","type_icon":"👤","type_color":"#f59e0b","title_ro":"Abishai","title_en":"Abishai","content_ro":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>Abishai<\/h3>\n<p>Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David leave Jerusalem, the king was cursed by Shimei, a member of Saul’s family, and Abishai wanted to execute Shimei (2 Sam 16:5-9). David twice rejected that proposal (2 Sam 16:10-13; 19:18-23). The vengeful spirit of Abishai and his brothers also came out in an earlier conflict: After Saul’s general, Abner, killed Abishai’s brother Asahel in self-defense, Joab and Abishai took revenge by killing Abner (3:22-30).<\/p>\n<p>Abishai was brave and very capable. He once killed three hundred soldiers in a single battle. For this, he was made leader of the Thirty, a group of especially skillful warriors surpassed only by the Three (1 Chr 11:20-21). Abishai also won a major victory over the Edomites (1 Chr 18:12-13). In a battle with the Philistines, Abishai saved David’s life by killing the giant Ishbi-benob (2 Sam 21:15-17). Abishai also led the army, and when it divided for strategic purposes, Abishai led one group while his brother Joab led the other (10:1-19; 18:1-18). Their military efforts were usually very successful.<\/p>\n<p>Though Joab’s actions eventually led to his death, we nowhere read about the same fate befalling Abishai, who, like Joab, was a violently impulsive military leader.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Passages for Further Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Sam 26:6-12; 2 Sam 2:18; 3:30, 39; 10:10-14; 16:9-12; 18:1-8; 19:21-23; 20:6-10; 21:17; 23:18-19; 1 Chr 2:16; 11:20-21; 18:12-13; 19:11-15<\/p>","summary_ro":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","summary_en":"Abishai Abishai was a powerful and successful warrior and a leader in David’s army. He was David’s nephew, a son of David’s sister Zeruiah and the brother of Joab and Asahel (1 Chr 2:13-16). Abishai was completely devoted to David and quick to suggest violence against David’s enemies. When God allowed David and Abishai to penetrate Saul’s war camp while the troops were sleeping, Abishai wanted to assassinate Saul, but David restrained him. Later, when the revolt of Absalom required that David...","source":"Profiles.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"13":[{"id":47656,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 19:13","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 19:13","content_ro":"<p><strong>19:13<\/strong> Joab knew that the battle was not being waged to gain more territory but to defend the <em>people and the cities<\/em> of Israel from invasion (cp. 19:8). • Joab placed his trust in God, knowing that the outcome depended on the Lord’s providence.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>19:13<\/strong> Joab knew that the battle was not being waged to gain more territory but to defend the <em>people and the cities<\/em> of Israel from invasion (cp. 19:8). • Joab placed his trust in God, knowing that the outcome depended on the Lord’s providence.<\/p>","summary_ro":"19:13 Joab knew that the battle was not being waged to gain more territory but to defend the people and the cities of Israel from invasion (cp. 19:8). • Joab placed his trust in God, knowing that the outcome depended on the Lord’s providence.","summary_en":"19:13 Joab knew that the battle was not being waged to gain more territory but to defend the people and the cities of Israel from invasion (cp. 19:8). • Joab placed his trust in God, knowing that the outcome depended on the Lord’s providence.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":75282,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 19:13","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 19:13","content_ro":"<p><strong>19:13<\/strong> Joab knew that the battle was not being waged to gain more territory but to defend the <em>people and the cities<\/em> of Israel from invasion (cp. 19:8). • Joab placed his trust in God, knowing that the outcome depended on the Lord’s providence.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>19:13<\/strong> Joab knew that the battle was not being waged to gain more territory but to defend the <em>people and the cities<\/em> of Israel from invasion (cp. 19:8). • Joab placed his trust in God, knowing that the outcome depended on the Lord’s providence.<\/p>","summary_ro":"19:13 Joab knew that the battle was not being waged to gain more territory but to defend the people and the cities of Israel from invasion (cp. 19:8). • Joab placed his trust in God, knowing that the outcome depended on the Lord’s providence.","summary_en":"19:13 Joab knew that the battle was not being waged to gain more territory but to defend the people and the cities of Israel from invasion (cp. 19:8). • Joab placed his trust in God, knowing that the outcome depended on the Lord’s providence.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":102908,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 19:13","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 19:13","content_ro":"<p><strong>19:13<\/strong> Joab knew that the battle was not being waged to gain more territory but to defend the <em>people and the cities<\/em> of Israel from invasion (cp. 19:8). • Joab placed his trust in God, knowing that the outcome depended on the Lord’s providence.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>19:13<\/strong> Joab knew that the battle was not being waged to gain more territory but to defend the <em>people and the cities<\/em> of Israel from invasion (cp. 19:8). • Joab placed his trust in God, knowing that the outcome depended on the Lord’s providence.<\/p>","summary_ro":"19:13 Joab knew that the battle was not being waged to gain more territory but to defend the people and the cities of Israel from invasion (cp. 19:8). • Joab placed his trust in God, knowing that the outcome depended on the Lord’s providence.","summary_en":"19:13 Joab knew that the battle was not being waged to gain more territory but to defend the people and the cities of Israel from invasion (cp. 19:8). • Joab placed his trust in God, knowing that the outcome depended on the Lord’s providence.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":130534,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 19:13","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 19:13","content_ro":"<p><strong>19:13<\/strong> Joab knew that the battle was not being waged to gain more territory but to defend the <em>people and the cities<\/em> of Israel from invasion (cp. 19:8). • Joab placed his trust in God, knowing that the outcome depended on the Lord’s providence.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>19:13<\/strong> Joab knew that the battle was not being waged to gain more territory but to defend the <em>people and the cities<\/em> of Israel from invasion (cp. 19:8). • Joab placed his trust in God, knowing that the outcome depended on the Lord’s providence.<\/p>","summary_ro":"19:13 Joab knew that the battle was not being waged to gain more territory but to defend the people and the cities of Israel from invasion (cp. 19:8). • Joab placed his trust in God, knowing that the outcome depended on the Lord’s providence.","summary_en":"19:13 Joab knew that the battle was not being waged to gain more territory but to defend the people and the cities of Israel from invasion (cp. 19:8). • Joab placed his trust in God, knowing that the outcome depended on the Lord’s providence.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}],"16":[{"id":14948,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Hadadezer","title_en":"Hadadezer","content_ro":"<h3>HADADEZER<\/h3>\n<p>King of Zobah in Syria during David’s reign in Israel. He apparently ruled a region from Ammon in the south to the Euphrates in the east. According to 2 Samuel 8:3-12 (see also 1 Chr 18:3-10, <span>kjv<\/span> “Hadarezer”), Hadadezer attempted to restore his power. David engaged him in battle at the river Euphrates and defeated him. When the Syrians came to his aid, David defeated them and occupied Damascus. In 2 Samuel 10 David sent servants to comfort Hanun when his father—Nahash, king of Ammon—died. The servants were mistreated and humiliated (v 4). So David sent Joab against Ammon after Ammon allied with Syria as protection against Israel (v 6). Joab defeated the combined armies (vv 15-19; see also 1 Chr 19:16, 19). After Joab’s victory, Hadadezer sent more troops from “beyond the river.” The armies met at Helam, David was victorious, and Hadadezer begged for peace, thereby becoming a tributary to Israel.<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Israel, History of; Syria, Syrians.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>HADADEZER<\/h3>\n<p>King of Zobah in Syria during David’s reign in Israel. He apparently ruled a region from Ammon in the south to the Euphrates in the east. According to 2 Samuel 8:3-12 (see also 1 Chr 18:3-10, <span>kjv<\/span> “Hadarezer”), Hadadezer attempted to restore his power. David engaged him in battle at the river Euphrates and defeated him. When the Syrians came to his aid, David defeated them and occupied Damascus. In 2 Samuel 10 David sent servants to comfort Hanun when his father—Nahash, king of Ammon—died. The servants were mistreated and humiliated (v 4). So David sent Joab against Ammon after Ammon allied with Syria as protection against Israel (v 6). Joab defeated the combined armies (vv 15-19; see also 1 Chr 19:16, 19). After Joab’s victory, Hadadezer sent more troops from “beyond the river.” The armies met at Helam, David was victorious, and Hadadezer begged for peace, thereby becoming a tributary to Israel.<\/p>\n<p><em>See also<\/em> Israel, History of; Syria, Syrians.<\/p>","summary_ro":"HADADEZER King of Zobah in Syria during David’s reign in Israel. He apparently ruled a region from Ammon in the south to the Euphrates in the east. According to 2 Samuel 8:3-12 (see also 1 Chr 18:3-10, kjv “Hadarezer”), Hadadezer attempted to restore his power. David engaged him in battle at the river Euphrates and defeated him. When the Syrians came to his aid, David defeated them and occupied Damascus. In 2 Samuel 10 David sent servants to comfort Hanun when his father—Nahash, king of Ammon...","summary_en":"HADADEZER King of Zobah in Syria during David’s reign in Israel. He apparently ruled a region from Ammon in the south to the Euphrates in the east. According to 2 Samuel 8:3-12 (see also 1 Chr 18:3-10, kjv “Hadarezer”), Hadadezer attempted to restore his power. David engaged him in battle at the river Euphrates and defeated him. When the Syrians came to his aid, David defeated them and occupied Damascus. In 2 Samuel 10 David sent servants to comfort Hanun when his father—Nahash, king of Ammon...","source":"Articles\/H.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":35186,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Shobach","title_en":"Shobach","content_ro":"<h3>SHOBACH<\/h3>\n<p>Commander of the army of Hadadezer, king of Zobah, who led the Ammonite-Syrian campaign against Israel. David’s army killed Shobach and so completely destroyed his forces that the Ammonite-Syrian alliance was broken, and the kingdoms that were tributary to Hadadezer became subject to David (2 Sm 10:16-18). He is also called Shophach in 1 Chronicles 19:16-18.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>SHOBACH<\/h3>\n<p>Commander of the army of Hadadezer, king of Zobah, who led the Ammonite-Syrian campaign against Israel. David’s army killed Shobach and so completely destroyed his forces that the Ammonite-Syrian alliance was broken, and the kingdoms that were tributary to Hadadezer became subject to David (2 Sm 10:16-18). He is also called Shophach in 1 Chronicles 19:16-18.<\/p>","summary_ro":"SHOBACH Commander of the army of Hadadezer, king of Zobah, who led the Ammonite-Syrian campaign against Israel. David’s army killed Shobach and so completely destroyed his forces that the Ammonite-Syrian alliance was broken, and the kingdoms that were tributary to Hadadezer became subject to David (2 Sm 10:16-18). He is also called Shophach in 1 Chronicles 19:16-18.","summary_en":"SHOBACH Commander of the army of Hadadezer, king of Zobah, who led the Ammonite-Syrian campaign against Israel. David’s army killed Shobach and so completely destroyed his forces that the Ammonite-Syrian alliance was broken, and the kingdoms that were tributary to Hadadezer became subject to David (2 Sm 10:16-18). He is also called Shophach in 1 Chronicles 19:16-18.","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":35206,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Shophach*","title_en":"Shophach*","content_ro":"<h3>SHOPHACH*<\/h3>\n<p>Alternate form of Shobach in 1 Chronicles 19:16-18 (<span>nlt<\/span> mg). <em>See<\/em> Shobach.<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>SHOPHACH*<\/h3>\n<p>Alternate form of Shobach in 1 Chronicles 19:16-18 (<span>nlt<\/span> mg). <em>See<\/em> Shobach.<\/p>","summary_ro":"SHOPHACH* Alternate form of Shobach in 1 Chronicles 19:16-18 (nlt mg). See Shobach.","summary_en":"SHOPHACH* Alternate form of Shobach in 1 Chronicles 19:16-18 (nlt mg). See Shobach.","source":"Articles\/S.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":39504,"type":"article","type_label":"Articol","type_icon":"📖","type_color":"#d4af37","title_ro":"Zobah","title_en":"Zobah","content_ro":"<h3>ZOBAH<\/h3>\n<p>Aramean nation suffering military defeat from Israel during the early kingdom period. King Saul defeated the kings of Zobah (1 Sm 14:47). Soon after David became king of Israel, he defeated Hadadezer the son of Rehob, king of Zobah (2 Sm 8:3-5, 12; 1 Chr 18:3-10; Ps 60 title). Later, the Ammonites hired 20,000 “Syrians of Zobah” for an anticipated attack by David’s forces. The coalition of Ammonites and hired mercenaries was defeated by soldiers led by Joab (2 Sm 10:6-14). When Hadadezer’s army counterattacked, they were again defeated decisively by David (2 Sm 10:15-19; 1 Chr 19:16-19).<\/p>","content_en":"<h3>ZOBAH<\/h3>\n<p>Aramean nation suffering military defeat from Israel during the early kingdom period. King Saul defeated the kings of Zobah (1 Sm 14:47). Soon after David became king of Israel, he defeated Hadadezer the son of Rehob, king of Zobah (2 Sm 8:3-5, 12; 1 Chr 18:3-10; Ps 60 title). Later, the Ammonites hired 20,000 “Syrians of Zobah” for an anticipated attack by David’s forces. The coalition of Ammonites and hired mercenaries was defeated by soldiers led by Joab (2 Sm 10:6-14). When Hadadezer’s army counterattacked, they were again defeated decisively by David (2 Sm 10:15-19; 1 Chr 19:16-19).<\/p>","summary_ro":"ZOBAH Aramean nation suffering military defeat from Israel during the early kingdom period. King Saul defeated the kings of Zobah (1 Sm 14:47). Soon after David became king of Israel, he defeated Hadadezer the son of Rehob, king of Zobah (2 Sm 8:3-5, 12; 1 Chr 18:3-10; Ps 60 title). Later, the Ammonites hired 20,000 “Syrians of Zobah” for an anticipated attack by David’s forces. The coalition of Ammonites and hired mercenaries was defeated by soldiers led by Joab (2 Sm 10:6-14). When Hadadeze...","summary_en":"ZOBAH Aramean nation suffering military defeat from Israel during the early kingdom period. King Saul defeated the kings of Zobah (1 Sm 14:47). Soon after David became king of Israel, he defeated Hadadezer the son of Rehob, king of Zobah (2 Sm 8:3-5, 12; 1 Chr 18:3-10; Ps 60 title). Later, the Ammonites hired 20,000 “Syrians of Zobah” for an anticipated attack by David’s forces. The coalition of Ammonites and hired mercenaries was defeated by soldiers led by Joab (2 Sm 10:6-14). When Hadadeze...","source":"Articles\/Z.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":47657,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 19:16","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 19:16","content_ro":"<p><strong>19:16-19<\/strong> In the battle against <em>the Arameans<\/em><em>,<\/em> David accomplished three objectives: He challenged <em>Hadadezer’s<\/em> supremacy, threw the alliance of the Arameans into disarray, and prevented any possible future alliance between <em>the Arameans<\/em> and <em>the Ammonites<\/em>.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>19:16-19<\/strong> In the battle against <em>the Arameans<\/em><em>,<\/em> David accomplished three objectives: He challenged <em>Hadadezer’s<\/em> supremacy, threw the alliance of the Arameans into disarray, and prevented any possible future alliance between <em>the Arameans<\/em> and <em>the Ammonites<\/em>.<\/p>","summary_ro":"19:16-19 In the battle against the Arameans, David accomplished three objectives: He challenged Hadadezer’s supremacy, threw the alliance of the Arameans into disarray, and prevented any possible future alliance between the Arameans and the Ammonites.","summary_en":"19:16-19 In the battle against the Arameans, David accomplished three objectives: He challenged Hadadezer’s supremacy, threw the alliance of the Arameans into disarray, and prevented any possible future alliance between the Arameans and the Ammonites.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":75283,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 19:16","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 19:16","content_ro":"<p><strong>19:16-19<\/strong> In the battle against <em>the Arameans<\/em><em>,<\/em> David accomplished three objectives: He challenged <em>Hadadezer’s<\/em> supremacy, threw the alliance of the Arameans into disarray, and prevented any possible future alliance between <em>the Arameans<\/em> and <em>the Ammonites<\/em>.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>19:16-19<\/strong> In the battle against <em>the Arameans<\/em><em>,<\/em> David accomplished three objectives: He challenged <em>Hadadezer’s<\/em> supremacy, threw the alliance of the Arameans into disarray, and prevented any possible future alliance between <em>the Arameans<\/em> and <em>the Ammonites<\/em>.<\/p>","summary_ro":"19:16-19 In the battle against the Arameans, David accomplished three objectives: He challenged Hadadezer’s supremacy, threw the alliance of the Arameans into disarray, and prevented any possible future alliance between the Arameans and the Ammonites.","summary_en":"19:16-19 In the battle against the Arameans, David accomplished three objectives: He challenged Hadadezer’s supremacy, threw the alliance of the Arameans into disarray, and prevented any possible future alliance between the Arameans and the Ammonites.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":102909,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 19:16","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 19:16","content_ro":"<p><strong>19:16-19<\/strong> In the battle against <em>the Arameans<\/em><em>,<\/em> David accomplished three objectives: He challenged <em>Hadadezer’s<\/em> supremacy, threw the alliance of the Arameans into disarray, and prevented any possible future alliance between <em>the Arameans<\/em> and <em>the Ammonites<\/em>.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>19:16-19<\/strong> In the battle against <em>the Arameans<\/em><em>,<\/em> David accomplished three objectives: He challenged <em>Hadadezer’s<\/em> supremacy, threw the alliance of the Arameans into disarray, and prevented any possible future alliance between <em>the Arameans<\/em> and <em>the Ammonites<\/em>.<\/p>","summary_ro":"19:16-19 In the battle against the Arameans, David accomplished three objectives: He challenged Hadadezer’s supremacy, threw the alliance of the Arameans into disarray, and prevented any possible future alliance between the Arameans and the Ammonites.","summary_en":"19:16-19 In the battle against the Arameans, David accomplished three objectives: He challenged Hadadezer’s supremacy, threw the alliance of the Arameans into disarray, and prevented any possible future alliance between the Arameans and the Ammonites.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false},{"id":130535,"type":"study_note","type_label":"Notă de studiu","type_icon":"📝","type_color":"#06b6d4","title_ro":"Notă de studiu: 1 Cronici 19:16","title_en":"Study Note: 1 Cronici 19:16","content_ro":"<p><strong>19:16-19<\/strong> In the battle against <em>the Arameans<\/em><em>,<\/em> David accomplished three objectives: He challenged <em>Hadadezer’s<\/em> supremacy, threw the alliance of the Arameans into disarray, and prevented any possible future alliance between <em>the Arameans<\/em> and <em>the Ammonites<\/em>.<\/p>","content_en":"<p><strong>19:16-19<\/strong> In the battle against <em>the Arameans<\/em><em>,<\/em> David accomplished three objectives: He challenged <em>Hadadezer’s<\/em> supremacy, threw the alliance of the Arameans into disarray, and prevented any possible future alliance between <em>the Arameans<\/em> and <em>the Ammonites<\/em>.<\/p>","summary_ro":"19:16-19 In the battle against the Arameans, David accomplished three objectives: He challenged Hadadezer’s supremacy, threw the alliance of the Arameans into disarray, and prevented any possible future alliance between the Arameans and the Ammonites.","summary_en":"19:16-19 In the battle against the Arameans, David accomplished three objectives: He challenged Hadadezer’s supremacy, threw the alliance of the Arameans into disarray, and prevented any possible future alliance between the Arameans and the Ammonites.","source":"StudyNotes.xml","external_url":null,"has_map":false,"has_picture":false}]},"labels":{"article":"Articol","map":"Hartă","chart":"Diagramă","textbox":"Notă explicativă","picture":"Imagine","profile":"Profil","study_note":"Notă de studiu","theme_note":"Temă biblică"},"icons":{"article":"📖","map":"🗺️","chart":"📊","textbox":"💡","picture":"🖼️","profile":"👤","study_note":"📝","theme_note":"🎯"},"typeColors":{"article":"#d4af37","map":"#2d7d46","chart":"#3b82f6","textbox":"#8b5cf6","picture":"#ec4899","profile":"#f59e0b","study_note":"#06b6d4","theme_note":"#ef4444"}}
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1 Cronici 19
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